[vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1467217369887{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 250px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;background-image: url(http:\/\/www.adrianaduelo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/alcachofas-dao-histamina-adriana-duelo-en-lugar-de-las-fresas2.jpg?id=8491) !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n
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DAO deficiency is the functional lack of the main digestive enzyme responsible\u00a0for the histamine elimination, a molecule found in food.<\/p>\n
Diamine oxidase enzyme or DAO is located in the intestinal mucosa mainly,\u00a0thus acts during the digestion of food.<\/p>\n
When there is an alteration in the metabolism of histamine and there is not\u00a0enough DAO activity, the imbalance between ingested histamine and histamine\u00a0released from the storage cells leads to histamine accumulation in plasma and\u00a0the occurrence of adverse effects on health.<\/p>\n
The main cause of the enzymatic dysfunction has a genetic origin. Some\u00a0people have or produce few Diamine Oxidase, this is the reason why until\u00a0recently, migraine was believed to be hereditary, when in fact; the hereditary\u00a0factor is the deficiency of DAO. Moreover, drugs or some inflammatory bowel\u00a0diseases represent another factor that enables histamine decrease.<\/p>\n
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Unlike food allergy, the occurrence of symptoms or adverse effects is not linked\u00a0to the intake of specific food; by contrast it can be related to a wide variety of\u00a0food with different histamine contents. Symptoms can also occur even after the\u00a0ingestion of products with low histamine levels. This imposed considerable\u00a0difficulty when establishing a maximum tolerable dose; in fact, there is no clear\u00a0consensus on this value.<\/p>\n
Values that range from 50\u03bcg of histamine to 60-75mg have been listed as\u00a0triggers of DAO deficiency symptoms.\u00a0When there is an accumulation of histamine many body systems can be altered,\u00a0but symptoms don\u2019t necessarily have to appear in all patients. The most typical\u00a0are:<\/p>\n
Due to the wide variety of symptoms derived from DAO deficiency, which\u00a0represent chronic pathologies with a high prevalence in population, immediate\u00a0research and advances on its origin and possible treatments are required.<\/p>\n
It has been observed that most patients with low functional DAO activity present\u00a0other related symptoms, being migraine the prevalent one. 20% of patients\u00a0experience 1 or 2 of these associated symptoms, 41.3% of patients experience\u00a03 or 4 of these symptoms and 33.8% present more than 5. Migraine is always\u00a0de most highlighted syndrome when interviewing the patients due to its\u00a0disabling character.<\/p>\n
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Histamine is a molecule derived from an essential amino acid, histidine, with\u00a0many physiological and patho-physiological functions: It takes part in the\u00a0regulation of local blood circulation, in capillary permeability, contraction and\u00a0relaxation of smooth muscles and blood vessels, secretion of hydrochloric acid\u00a0in stomach, immediate hypersensitivity responses, allergic processes,\u00a0inflammatory ones as part of the immune response to external pathogens,\u00a0tissue healing, and its action has also been observed as neurotransmitter in the\u00a0nervous system. Therefore, and taking into consideration its multiple roles,\u00a0indispensable for the efficient functioning of many metabolic processes, it is not\u00a0surprising that histamine appears to a higher or lower quantity in a great variety\u00a0of food, both of animal and plant origin. However, it has no function, unlike\u00a0endogenous histamine.<\/p>\n
Histamine we get through food is the most difficult to control because its\u00a0regulation depends on the organism of each person. If some alteration in its\u00a0metabolism occurs and normal histamine concentrations in blood do not remain\u00a0(50-70 mg\/l), free circulation of this amine in high concentrations triggers\u00a0undesirable effects, such as migraine. In the metabolism of histamine, it should\u00a0be degraded by DAO enzyme in order to become N-acetyl aldehyde imidazole;\u00a0an accumulation of the amine is produced due to the lack of enzyme in the\u00a0intestinal mucosa cells. Low enzyme activity causes the concentration of food\u00a0histamine, which cannot be metabolized and a transepithelial permeation of\u00a0exogenous histamine occurs. This way, histamine enters the bloodstream\u00a0increasing its plasma concentration and once located in blood it spreads\u00a0throughout the body and to the superficial arteries. Histamine acts in this area\u00a0causing inflammation followed by one of the most common effects,\u00a0vasodilatation, and migraine process starts. The vasodilatation caused by\u00a0histamine is linked to the side effects suffered in the Nervous and\u00a0Cardiovascular Systems mainly, but also in the epithelium.<\/p>\n
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First of all, a special blood test is carried out to detect the enzymatic deficiency. Once confirmed, the treatment consists in a diet low in histamine and other amines that enhance its accumulation.<\/p>\n
In the first visit, we normally recommend starting with a stage one diet, this means a stricter diet, which is completely tailor-made and delivered to the patient after the visit.<\/p>\n
We study each case individually, since there are no two identical individuals, nor are there two identical diets. We take into account patient\u2019s clinical history, habits, schedule, lifestyle, physical activity, preferences and economy.<\/p>\n
In case specific dietary requirements are needed, we try to fill them through food, although this is not always possible and we resort to nutritional supplements. For example, in most cases we recommend adding omega-3 pearls, since it is difficult to find food with low content of histamine and rich in fatty acid. We also recommend to take DAO enzyme pills before each meal. Patients improve faster when combining diet and supplementation.<\/p>\n
As the weeks go by, patients tent to observe changes and improvements and we schedule another visit. Second phase is a good sign, and means that histamine accumulation is lowering and we can broaden the diet.<\/p>\n
When the third and final phase is reached, diet becomes freer and the patient start controlling the amount and frequency of consumption of high-histamine food.<\/p>\n
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Some food provokes histamine accumulation in the organism, but not all are\u00a0necessarily rich in this amine.<\/p>\n
Until now, the cause had been searched for in food as during years patients\u00a0have linked several foods to migraine. Considering all the information disclosed\u00a0until now, it can be concluded that the origin of this syndrome is in the individual\u00a0itself, being food the access road of the component that leads to this\u00a0accumulation.<\/p>\n
There are discrepancies on the criteria that help to consider a food rich in\u00a0histamine or not.<\/p>\n
Some authors suggest eliminating from diet those foods with concentrations\u00a0higher than 20 mg\/kg, while other authors are more demanding and consider\u00a0low histamine foods those with quantities below 1mg\/kg. However, to do it\u00a0correctly, the amount of histamine in food should be in the nutrition labels, and it\u00a0is not.<\/p>\n
On the other hand, in addition to the foods rich in histamine, we should take into\u00a0account other factors that cause the accumulation of the amine in the body\u00a0such as the amount of other amines, the ability to release endogenous\u00a0histamine or DAO enzyme blocking factors such as alcoholic beverages. \u00a0The following table lists the DAO deficit histamine accumulation food precursors\u00a0(due to high concentration, containing other amines that compete with DAO or\u00a0endogenous histamine release), but it does not replace a balanced low\u00a0histamine diet, which should be advised by a professional: a registered dietitian\u00a0and nutritionist.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][vc_raw_html]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[\/vc_raw_html][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”8074″ img_size=”500×350″ alignment=”center” style=”vc_box_shadow_3d”][vc_single_image image=”9815″ img_size=”500×250″ alignment=”center” style=”vc_box_shadow_3d”]
[\/vc_column_text][vc_tta_accordion][vc_tta_section title=”How can I detect if migraine, digestive problems or other symptoms that I have can be the result of DAO enzyme deficiency?” tab_id=”1467217487631-2bc670bf-bb5d”][vc_column_text]Through various specific analytics. Mainly the blood test that measures the functional activity of the DAO enzyme and the genetic test of the 4 variants associated with DAO deficiency of the AOC1 gene (blood or oral mucosa). In a complementary way, other parameters of histamine metabolism can be requested.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Where can I take this blood test?” tab_id=”1467217487747-8cdbe92a-542e”][vc_column_text]The DAO activity can be requested at any extraction center, although the main ones are the following laboratories: Synlab, Echevarne or Reference Lab. The genetic test can be requested at our clinical center or directly at VivoLabs. For outside of Spain, contact us and we will tell you which would be the best option.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”What should I do if I have DAO deficiency?” tab_id=”1467217526017-dc108f26-48da”][vc_column_text]Our recommendation is to consult a registered dietitian in order to obtain a\u00a0personalized low histamine (and other amines that facilitate their accumulation)\u00a0diet.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Will I have DAO deficiency all my life?” tab_id=”1497545788591-f3633fa5-cb9b”][vc_column_text]In most cases DAO deficiency is hereditary by a genetic mutation, however, symptoms improve with the treatment. On the other hand, there are cases of DAO deficiency acquired. These patients can increase the DAO activity.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Is it important to take the supplement of exogenous DAO?” tab_id=”1467217539505-c5ddb266-83c7″][vc_column_text]Combining therapeutic diet with one tablet of DAO before main meals improves\u00a0patient progress. It also allows timely introductions from the 2nd phase of\u00a0treatment.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Which difference there is between Daofood\u00ae, Daofood Plus\u00ae, Daohead\u00ae and GoDAO\u00ae?” tab_id=”1497545817291-94f94f53-8aba”][vc_column_text]All four supplements are foods for special medical purposes<\/em>. They all contain protein extract with DAO enzyme, but Daofood\u00ae<\/strong> contains only DAO enzyme and\u00a0the presentation is in dispenser format, Daofood Plus\u00ae<\/strong> contains vitamin C and quercetin and Daohead\u00ae<\/strong> contains caffeine, vitamin B6, B9 and B12.<\/p>\n The GoDAO\u00ae<\/strong> is the most innovative product (2024) and we helped in its design from the International Institute of DAO deficiency. There are 90 mini-tablets instead of 60, it comes in 3 protected blisters of 30 mini-tablets each and its activity, potency and stability are greater. See more<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”What are the main foods I should avoid in the diet?” tab_id=”1467217552409-7b2def0c-135f”][vc_column_text]Mainly you should avoid the consumption of fermented foods such as sausages, cured cheeses, sauerkraut and alcoholic beverages. It is also important to reduce the consumption of citrus fruits, chocolate and milk.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Can I eat frozen foods?” tab_id=”1497545855402-e2e30d74-266d”][vc_column_text]They can be consumed if they do not contain histamine in their natural form and especially if they are not ultra-processed products.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" [vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1467217369887{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 250px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;background-image: url(http:\/\/www.adrianaduelo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/alcachofas-dao-histamina-adriana-duelo-en-lugar-de-las-fresas2.jpg?id=8491) !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text] DAO Deficiency [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”full-width-ipad” css=”.vc_custom_1467228103725{margin-bottom: 65px !important;padding-top: 55px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 2% !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text] What is […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adrianaduelo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6370"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adrianaduelo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adrianaduelo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adrianaduelo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adrianaduelo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6370"}],"version-history":[{"count":69,"href":"https:\/\/www.adrianaduelo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6370\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16850,"href":"https:\/\/www.adrianaduelo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6370\/revisions\/16850"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adrianaduelo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6370"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}